This RSC Policy Briefing analyses the impact of protracted displacement on the human rights and access to livelihoods of millions of people and examine how protracted displacement situations accentuate the risk of chronic regional insecurity, fragility and conflict spill over. Through tracing the history of international responses to protracted refugee situations (PRS), the brief examine the complexity of the negotiations process that led to the adoption of the 2009 UNHCR Executive Committee Conclusion on PRS while suggesting steps that will be required from a broad range of actors if there is to be an adequate response to PRS in the future.